The Kenya Land Act, enacted in 2012, is a landmark legislation that aims to provide a uniform, efficient, and sustainable framework for the management and administration of land in Kenya. The Act addresses longstanding issues related to land ownership, tenure security, and land use, with the goal of promoting economic development and social stability. The Act is guided by several key principles, including equitable access to land, sustainable land use practices, transparent and cost-effective land administration, and the recognition of community land rights. It also seeks to eliminate gender discrimination in land ownership and associated rights. One of the primary objectives of the Act is to revise, harmonize, and consolidate the various statutes governing land in Kenya into a single, coherent legal framework. It repeals and replaces several previous laws, such as the Indian Transfer of Property Act (1882), the Government Lands Act (Cap. 280), and the Registration of Titles Act (Cap. 281). The Act establishes three categories of land in Kenya: public land, private land, and community land. It provides detailed provisions for the management, administration, and regulation of each category, including the roles and responsibilities of various authorities and institutions. For public land, the Act outlines the processes for acquisition, allocation, and management, ensuring transparency and accountability. It also defines the rights and obligations of various stakeholders, including the national and county governments, and the public. Regarding private land, the Act recognizes and protects individual freehold and leasehold tenure rights. It streamlines the processes for land registration, transfer, and resolution of disputes, while also introducing mechanisms to prevent and address land fragmentation. The Act also recognizes the rights of communities to own and manage community land, which includes land lawfully held, managed, or used by specific communities as community forests, grazing areas, or shrines. It provides a framework for the registration, protection, and sustainable management of community land. Furthermore, the Act establishes institutions such as the National Land Commission, County Land Management Boards, and Community Land Boards to oversee land administration and management at different levels. It also outlines the mechanisms for resolving land disputes through alternative dispute resolution and the establishment of specialized land courts. Overall, the Kenya Land Act 2012 represents a comprehensive effort to address longstanding land-related challenges in Kenya, promote sustainable land use, protect land rights, and provide a transparent and efficient land administration system.